Introduction
LPWAN is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long range communications at a low data rate among IoT applications, such as sensors operated on a battery. Its benefits is to offer multi-year battery lifetime for sensors/ applications to send small amounts of data over long distances a few times per hour suitable for different environments. Private LoRa and LoRaWAN are one of category of LPWAN which belong to the non-cellular LPWAN wireless communication network protocols enables very long range transmissions with low power consumption, operating in the non-licensed spectrum.
Star Topology
The LoRaWAN networks in a star topology have gateway relaying the data between the sensor nodes and the network server. Communication between the sensor nodes and the gateway goes over the wireless channel utilizing the LoRa physical layer, whilst the connection between the gateways and the central server are handled over a backbone IP-based network. The LoRaWAN end nodes(sensors) typically use Low Power and are battery powered (Class A and Class C). LoRa embedded sensors that run on batteries that lasts from 2-5 years typically. The LoRa sensors can transmit signals over distances from 1km-10km.
